I gatti e i cani riescono a vedere al buio?

Di giorno molto profondi e accesi; di sera, invece, di un colore chiaro e limpido. Gli occhi dei gatti e cani sono sorprendenti e si adattano ai cambiamenti drastici di illuminazione in maniera eccellente. A questo punto, le domande sorgono spontanee: Questi animali domestici vedono al buio? E perché i loro occhi brillano?

I nostri amici a 4 zampe sono in grado di vedere grazie alla luce che entra attraverso le pupille (il piccolo cerchio nero circondato dall’iride). La funzione principale delle pupille è regolare la quantità di luce che entra (fungendo come una specie di “buco” regolabile), per questo possono estendersi e rimpicciolirsi molto velocemente.

La luce, in seguito, raggiungere il cristallino, una specie di lente che proietta i raggi luminosi attraverso tutto il bulbo oculare fino alla retina, una specie di “schermo dell’occhio”. Nella retina si trovano tantissime terminazioni nervose fotosensibili (coni o bastoncelli). Ciò che vediamo, è il risultato dell’interpretazione delle informazioni luminose ricevute.

Nella vista umana, circa il 90% dei raggi luminosi che entrano dalla pupilla vengono persi. Gli occhi dei cani e dei gatti, hanno invece un sistema per ridurre al minimo la perdita di luce. Dietro ai fotorecettori troviamo una superficie chiamata “tapetum lucidum” che agisce come uno specchio e riflette la luce che entra. Per questo i gatti e i cani hanno una vista notturna eccellente e, inoltre, è questo il stesso motivo per cui i loro occhi brillano al buio.

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